-Gray Wolves mate once a year
-Months- From February to March
-Gestation period of about 63 days, compared to humans who carry their unborn children for nine months.
-Average litter size can be between 4 and 6 pups
-Birth Mass 450 g (average) (15.84 oz)
-Time to weaning - 45 days (average) (This is when the mother gets the pups off of her breast milk and on to eating regular food.)
-Age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female) -2 to 3 years
-Age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male) -2 to 3 years
-The dominant pair in a gray wolf pack are the only members that breed. If there is a death within the pair a new alpha male or female will emerge and take over as the mate.
-Female gray wolves choose their mates and often form a life-long pair bond. Gray wolf pairs spend a great deal of time together.
-After mating occurs, the female digs a den in which to raise her young. The den is often dug with an entrance that slopes down and then up again to a higher area to avoid flooding. Pups are born in the den and will remain there for several weeks after birth. Other dens are under cliffs, under fallen trees, and in caves.
-Pups remain in the den until they are 8 to 10 weeks old. Females stay with their pups almost exclusively for the first 3 weeks. Pups are cared for by all members of the pack. Until they are 45 days old the pups are fed regurgitated food(vomited food but still whole because they don't really chew it) by all pack members. They are fed meat provided by pack members after that age.
-Most young gray wolves disperse from their pack when they are between 1 and 3 years old.