- Teacher foreshadows grammar explanation through the use of integrated discourse (stories, poems, taped listenings)
- The emphasis is on comprehension and meaning
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- Teacher uses "multiple passes" and recycles the storyline through pictures, TPR activities and role playing
- This increases comprehension and learner participation
- The emphasis is on meaning
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- Once comprehension is achieved and meaning is understood, the teacher turns the listeners' attention of focus and form.
- Both the teacher and the learner co-construct the grammar
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- Through extension activities, learners need to use the grammatical structures and carry out particular functions and tasks
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